Fishing for Beginners: Gear, Licenses and How to Plan Your First Trip

Fishing is one of America's favorite outdoor pastimes. It's relaxing, affordable and fun for every age. If you've never fished before, here's everything you need to get started.

Get a fishing license

Every state requires most adult anglers to have a fishing license, and the rules vary. Many states exempt children under a certain age, and some offer discounts for seniors, veterans and residents. You can usually buy a license online from your state's fish and wildlife agency, at sporting goods stores or at many bait shops. Many states also hold free fishing days each year when a license isn't required. Check your state's dates.

Review your state's fishing regulations for size limits, daily catch limits and seasons, which vary by species and waterbody.

Beginner gear

• Rod and reel: a pre-spooled spinning combo, around 6 to 7 feet with medium or medium-light power, is versatile and easy to use.
• Line: 6- to 10-pound-test monofilament works for most freshwater fish.
• Hooks: an assortment of small hooks, sizes 6 to 10, for panfish.
• Bobbers and sinkers: bobbers keep bait at the right depth and signal a bite. Split-shot sinkers help bait sink.
• Extras: needle-nose pliers, line clippers, a small tackle box, sunscreen and a hat.

Start with panfish

Bluegill, sunfish and crappie are plentiful, live in ponds and lakes across the country, and bite readily. They're perfect for beginners and kids. A worm on a small hook under a bobber, cast near weeds, docks or fallen trees, is a time-tested setup.

Where to go

Look for public lakes, ponds, piers and parks with fishing access. State wildlife agencies often publish maps and stocking reports showing where fish have recently been released. Local bait shops are also a great source of advice.

Best times to fish

Fish are often most active in the early morning and evening, especially in warm weather. Overcast days can be productive too.

Catch and release the right way

• Wet your hands before handling fish to protect their slime coat.
• Keep fish in the water as much as possible, and support them horizontally.
• Use pliers to remove hooks quickly. If a hook is swallowed deeply, cut the line close to the mouth.

Be safe on the water

Wear a life jacket when fishing from a boat or kayak and around deep or fast water, tell someone where you're going, and watch the weather.