Dog Training Tips: Basic Dog Training and How to Train a Puppy

Training builds a happy, well-mannered dog and a strong bond between you. The good news is you don't need to be an expert. Short, positive sessions with clear rewards work for puppies and adult dogs alike.

Use positive reinforcement

Reward-based training, which means giving treats, praise or play when your dog does what you want, is recommended by veterinary behavior organizations. It's effective and builds trust. Avoid harsh punishment, which can create fear and make behavior problems worse.

Basic dog training tips

• Keep sessions short: 5 to 10 minutes, a few times a day.
• Reward immediately, within a second or two, so your dog connects the reward with the behavior.
• Use small, soft, high-value treats.
• Be consistent. Everyone in the family should use the same cue words.
• Train in a quiet place first, then gradually add distractions.
• End on a success so training stays fun.

The six basic commands

1. Name recognition: say their name. When they look at you, reward.
2. Sit: hold a treat above their nose and move it back over their head. As their bottom touches the floor, say "yes" and reward.
3. Down: from a sit, lower a treat to the floor between their paws.
4. Stay: start with one second and one step away, then build duration and distance gradually.
5. Come: the most important safety cue. Make it the best thing ever with big rewards, and never call your dog to punish them.
6. Leave it: teaches your dog to ignore food or items on the ground. It's potentially lifesaving.

Loose-leash walking is also essential: stop when the leash goes tight, and reward when your dog is by your side.

How to train a puppy

• Start right away. Puppies can learn simple cues as soon as they come home.
• Socialize safely during the critical early window, roughly the first three to four months.
• House-train with a routine: go out after waking, eating, playing and before bed, and reward outdoor potty breaks.
• Teach bite inhibition: if teeth touch skin, say "ouch," pause play, and redirect to a chew toy.
• Crate train with treats and meals so the crate becomes a safe den.
• Enroll in a puppy class that uses positive methods.

Our new puppy checklist covers supplies and vet visits.

Easiest dogs to train

Breeds developed to work closely with people are often especially quick learners: Border Collies, Poodles, German Shepherds, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Shetland Sheepdogs and Papillons. Keep in mind that smart, high-energy breeds also need plenty of mental exercise to stay out of trouble.

When to get help

If your dog shows aggression, extreme fear or anxiety, talk to your veterinarian first to rule out medical causes, then consider a certified trainer or a veterinary behaviorist. See also common dog behavior problems.